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Ybt
(Yersiniabactin) |
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Ybt is the most common virulence factor associated with human K. pneumoniae infections. The phenolate siderophore Ybt contributes to evasion of the activity of lipocalin2 in the lung – a host factor which neutralizes enterobactin-based iron acquisition. ... |
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| CcmC |
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Required for cytochrome c production, promotes iron assimilation and intracellular infection. ... |
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| Legiobactin |
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A nonhydroxamate, nonphenolate siderophore. ... |
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| Mycobactin |
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Mycobacteria produce two classes of siderophores, mycobactins and the exochelins. Pathogenic mycobacteria solely produce mycobactins, whereas saprophytic mycobacteria such as M. smegmatis and Mycobacterium neoarum produce both mycobactins and exochelins. Mycobactins are salicylate containing siderophores, and exochelins are peptidic molecules. Mycobactins are found in two forms that differ in the length of an alkyl substitution and hence in polarity and solubility. The less polar form remains cell associated (mycobactin), whereas the more polar one (carboxymycobactin) is secreted into the medium. ... |
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| Pyochelin |
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The genes for pyochelin biosynthesis are in two separate operons, pchDCBA, involved in the synthesis of the pyochelin precursor salicylic acid and pchEFGHI. pchHI appear to have an export function. The fptA gene encoding the 75 kDa ferric pyochelin receptor occurs immediately downstream of pchI. ... |
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| Pyoverdine |
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A greenish-yellow compound, a hydroxyquinolone chromophore to which an amino acid tail is attached, the tail can vary in length. The synthesis of pyoverdine requires a special σ factor, PvdS, which is in turn regulated by the Fur repressor. Also called pseudobactin. ... |
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| Aerobactin |
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A hydroxamate siderophore expressed in many strains of E. coli, Shigella flexneri and Klebsiella pneumoniae. ... |
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| Shu |
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Heme utilization genes have been identified in numerous pathogens, including E. coli O157:H7, Yersinia pestis, Yersinia enterocolitica, Vibrio cholerae, Haemophilus influenzae, Neisseria meningitidis, etc. Two heme-uptake systems:. (1) direct binding of heme or heme-containing proteins to specific outer membrane receptors. (2) secretion of hemophores to interact with the hemoproteins and present it to specific receptors. ... |
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| Isd |
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Surface exposed protein glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH), an enzyme usually associated with glycolysis, is a transferrin receptor involved in stripping iron off transferrin. isd genes (iron-regulated surface determinant) encode factors for hemoglobin binding and passage of heme-iron to the cytoplasm:. Hemoglobin binds on IsdB. Heme is removed from hemoglobin (IsdA and IsdB) and transferred to cell wall (IsdC) and membrane translocation factors (IsdD, IsdE and IsdF). IsdG is involved in removing iron from heme. S. aureus also has a siderophore-based mechanism for iron acquisition. ... |
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| Yersiniabactin |
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One of the major differences between low- and high-pathogenicity Yersinia lies in their ability to capture the iron molecules necessary for their systemic dissemination in the host. ... |
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