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| EAST1 |
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Some strains produce this heat-stable enterotoxin. 38-amino-acid peptide with four cysteine residues, homologue of the ETEC STa toxin. ... |
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| Heat-stable toxin (ST) |
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STs are small, single-peptide toxins that include two unrelated classes: STa and STb, which differ in both structure and mechanism of action. Only toxins of the STa class have been associated with human disease. The STb toxin is associated with animal disease. ... |
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| Hemolysin |
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Best-characterized RTX protein secreted by a type I secretion system: the structural gene encoding the hemolysin (hlyA) is part of an operon that also encodes a dedicated export system (HlyB and HlyD comprising a type I secretion system) and a toxin modifying enzyme (HlyC). The HlyC protein is responsible for acylation of HlyA, resulting in toxin activation. The hly operon is found on a plasmid of EHEC O157:H7, while the hly operon is often located adjacent to the P fimbrial genes on the same pathogenicity island on the chromosome of UPEC strains. ... |
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VacA
(Vacuolating cytotoxin A) |
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VacA expression is determined by variation in the signal sequence (s1a, s1b, s1c, s2) and mid-region (m1, m2) of the vacA gene. s1-type signaling-sequence allele produce functional VacA toxin, whereas s2-type produce VacA with little cytotoxic activity. And s1/m1 strains are more toxic than s1/m2 strains. ... |
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| RtxA |
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Secreted through an LssB-LssD-TolC type I secretion system. The N-terminal, involved in adhesion, and the C-terminal region, involved in adhesion and pore formation in the host membranes. Two other types of domains were commonly identified in all the rtx genes: the VWA domain involved in adhesion processes, and another tandem repeated domain related to cytotoxic activity, the haemolysin calcium-binding (HemolysinCabind) site. ... |
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LLO
(Listeriolysin O) |
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Active at low optimum pH (5.5) and the narrow pH range, so although Listeriolysin O (LLO) is produced by bacteria in both the cytosol (pH 7.0) and the vacuole, LLO activity is restricted to the vacuole compartment. Belongs to the family of cholesterol-dependent, pore-forming toxins(CDTX)(such as streptolysin O (SLO), pneumolysin, perfringolysin) or cholesterol-binding 'thiol-activated' family, means inhibition by oxidation or thiol-reacting compounds and reactivation by thiol-reducing agents, LLO and ivanolysin (the homolog of LLO in L.ivanovii) are the only members produced by an intracellular bacteria. ... |
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PlcA
(PI-PLC) |
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33-kDa, highly specific for PI, with a pH optimum between 5.5 and 6.5. Able to hydrolyze glycosyl PI(GPI)-anchored eukaryotic membrane proteins. ... |
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PlcB
(PC-PLC) |
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Secreted as an inactive propeptide, activated on cleavage by the Mpl. Active between pH 5.0 and 8.0. Also called lecithinase, zinc-dependent enzyme. ... |
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| Phospholipase C |
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Phospholipases can be divided into four groups depending on the position of the bond they hydrolyse on the phospholipid substrate: phospholipases A1, A2, C and D. ... |
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| Phospholipase C |
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Phospholipases can be divided into four groups depending on the position of the bond they hydrolyse on the phospholipid substrate: phospholipases A1, A2, C and D. ... |
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