A phagetail-spike-like injectisome to translocate virulence determinants directly into the host cell cytoplasm. Four effectors of the T6SS have so far been characterized, Hcp1, Vgr1, Vgr2 and Vgr3. Hcp is a powerful effector substrate and once translocated into the targeted host cell cytoplasm, apoptosis ensues following caspase 3 activation. Hcp paralyzes macrophages to prevent phagocytosis. Vgr1 is an ADP-ribosylating toxin capable of interrupting the host cell cytoskeleton and inducing apoptosis. ...
A phagetail-spike-like injectisome to translocate virulence determinants directly into the host cell cytoplasm. Four effectors of the T6SS have so far been characterized, Hcp1, Vgr1, Vgr2 and Vgr3. Hcp is a powerful effector substrate and once translocated into the targeted host cell cytoplasm, apoptosis ensues following caspase 3 activation. Hcp paralyzes macrophages to prevent phagocytosis. Vgr1 is an ADP-ribosylating toxin capable of interrupting the host cell cytoskeleton and inducing apoptosis. ...