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| Type IV pili |
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pil operon maybe acquired by horizontal gene transfer. Contributes to the virulence of Y. pseudotuberculosis. ... |
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| SpaA-type pili |
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The presence of pili has been for many years the hallmark of Gram-negative bacteria. However, in several Gram-positive microorganisms, fimbrial structures have been described. In C. diphtheriae, the pili are generated by the sortase machinery. The sortase-mediated export of pilin subunits seems to exist in other pathogenic species such as Clostridium perfringens, Actinomyces naeslundii, Streptococcus agalactiae, Streptococcus mutans, and Streptococcus pneumoniae. Sortase is a cysteine transpeptidase conserved in all Gram-positive bacterial genomes. Sortase cleaves pilin precursors at the conserved LPXTG motif between threonine and glycine and tethers the threonine carboxyl group of the precursor protein to the amino group of cell wall cross-bridges within the lipid II precursor, or to the amino group of the conserved pilin motif within the surface protein precursor. The latter reaction leads to the formation of pilus fibres on the bacterial surface. ... |
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AAFs
(Aggregative adherence fimbriae) |
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Belongs to Dr family of adhesins. At least four allelic variants of AAFs exist, but each is present in only a minority of strains. Most EAEC strains harbor a 60 to 65-MDa plasmid that may encode the AAF/I or AAF/II and , in some cases, the enterotoxin EAST1 and Pet. ... |
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| Adhesive fimbriae |
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Adherence is mediated by proteinaceous surface structures that are referred to as colonization factors (CFs), colonization factor antigens (CFAs), coli surface antigens (CSAs), or putative colonization factors (PCFs). ETEC strains are host-specific. The CFs confer host specificity on the strain. In human-specific ETEC strains, 21 different CFs have been identified. Approximately 75% of human ETEC express either CFA/I, CFA/II or CFA/IV. Animal-specific ETEC strains produce a variety of CFs that are distinct from those produced by human-specific isolates, such as K88 and K99. ETEC strains typically possess multiple plasmids with a wide range of molecular masses. The genes encoding CFs generally are found on a plasmid that also encodes ST and/or LT. ... |
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| Afa/Dr family |
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Afa/Dr family including afimbrial adhesins AfaE-I, AfaE-III and Dr-II as well as the fimbrial Dr and F1845 adhesins. ... |
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ECP
(E. coli common pilus) |
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ECP, composed of a 21-kDa pilin subunit EspA, is a pilus-adherence factor that is crucial to the virulence of E. coli O157 in humans, and is also carried by commensal strains of E. coli. It is suggested that pathogenic E. coli strains may use ECP to mimic commensal E. coli and provide themselves with an ecological advantage for host colonization and evasion of the immune system. ... |
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| Haemagglutinating pili |
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The first well studied adherence factors of H. influenzae, structural and functional homology to the Pap pili of UPEC and type 1 pili of Enterobacteriaceae, sometimes called fimbriae. hif cluster is absent from the completely sequenced genome of H. influenzae Rd. It is cloned and sequenced from several independent type b and non-typable strains. Expression of pili is a phase-variable phenomenon: the transcription of all pili genes is determined by reversible changes in the number of dinucleotide (TA) repeats located within the bidirectional promoter region between hifA and hifB. ... |
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PI-1
(Pilus island 1) |
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The genes encoding pili are located within 2 distinct loci, denoted pilus islands 1 and 2 (PI-1 and PI-2), the latter having 2 allelic variants (PI-2a and PI-2b). Each pilus island (PI) comprises 3 genes that encode structural proteins with a characteristic LPXTG anchoring motif recognised by sortase transpeptidases: backbone (Bkb) subunit (forming the polymeric shaft of the pilus), ancillary subunit 1 (An1, the functional tip), and ancillary subunit 2 (An2, the C-terminal anchor following attachment to peptidoglycan in the cell wall by sortase A). ... |
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PI-2a
(Pilus island 2a) |
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Mediating cell attachment, promoting the invasion of human endothelial cells and may facilitate paracellular translocation across the epithelial barrier. Promoting biofilm formation. ... |
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ChiRP
(Chitin-regulated pilus) |
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Also known as PilA pilus. PilA is involved in biofilm formation, adherence to human epithelial cells. ... |
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