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| HemO cluster |
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Current studies show the hemO gene cluster is required for optimal utilization of heme in A. baumannii hypervirulent strains. The hemO gene cluster encodes a secreted hemophore. ... |
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Chu
(E. coli heme uptake) |
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chuA encodes for a 69-kDa outer membrane protein responsible for heme uptake. The chuA nucleotide sequence shows high homology to shuA gene of S. dysenteriae type 1. The gene is part of a larger locus, termed the heme transport locus, which appears to be widely distributed among pathogenic E. coli strains. ... |
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Chu
(E. coli heme uptake) |
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chuA encodes for a 69-kDa outer membrane protein responsible for heme uptake. The chuA nucleotide sequence shows high homology to shuA gene of S. dysenteriae type 1. The gene is part of a larger locus, termed the heme transport locus, which appears to be widely distributed among pathogenic E. coli strains. ... |
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| Shu |
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Heme utilization genes have been identified in numerous pathogens, including E. coli O157:H7, Yersinia pestis, Yersinia enterocolitica, Vibrio cholerae, Haemophilus influenzae, Neisseria meningitidis, etc. Two heme-uptake systems:. (1) direct binding of heme or heme-containing proteins to specific outer membrane receptors. (2) secretion of hemophores to interact with the hemoproteins and present it to specific receptors. ... |
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| Isd |
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Surface exposed protein glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH), an enzyme usually associated with glycolysis, is a transferrin receptor involved in stripping iron off transferrin. isd genes (iron-regulated surface determinant) encode factors for hemoglobin binding and passage of heme-iron to the cytoplasm:. Hemoglobin binds on IsdB. Heme is removed from hemoglobin (IsdA and IsdB) and transferred to cell wall (IsdC) and membrane translocation factors (IsdD, IsdE and IsdF). IsdG is involved in removing iron from heme. S. aureus also has a siderophore-based mechanism for iron acquisition. ... |
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Hal
(Heme-acquisition leucine-rich repeat protein) |
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Includes an N-terminal near-iron transporter (NEAT) domain, several internal leucine-rich repeat (LRR) regions, and a C-terminal sortase-like cell wall anchor. ... |
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IlsA
(Iron-regulated leucine rich surface protein type A) |
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The three conserved domains: NEAT (NEAr iron Transporter), LRR (Leucine-Rich Repeat) and SLH (Surface Layer Homology). Specifically expressed in the insect hemocoel and under iron-depleted conditions. ... |
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Hgp
(Hemoglobin-binding protein) |
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H. influenzae has an absolute requirement for exogenously supplied heme for aerobic growth. Most of the pathway converting δ-aminolevulinic acid to heme is lost. So H. influenzae has derived several mechanism to use host heme-hemopexin, hemoglobin-haptoglobin as sources of heme iron for growth. Three hemoglobin- and hemoglobin-haptoglobin binding protein genes, hgpA, hgpB, and hgpC, contain lengths of tetrameric CCAA repeats. ... |
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HhuA
(Hemoglobin:haptoglobin complexes binding protein) |
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Similar to HgpA, mediates binding of both hemoglobin:haptoglobin complexes and free hemoglobin. ... |
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| HxuABC |
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HxuA is a 100-kDa protein that binds heme-hemopexin, HxuB is a 60 kDa protein involved in the release of HxuA from the cell surface into the medium, HxuC is involved in the transport of heme within the cell. ... |
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