SPI-2 (Salmonella)

Full Name: Salmonella pathogenicity island 2
Species: enterica (serovar typhimurium)
Strain: LT2
Replicon: chromosome
Accession: AE006468
(NC_003197)
Location: 1459926~1501800 bp
Size: 41 Kbp
Inserted locus: valV tRNA
Phenotype: Encodes a second TTSS that is essential for intracellular growth.
Necessary in the systemic phase of inection.
Remark: Present in all subspecies of S. enterica but is absent from S. bongori.
Divided into two segments: the smaller 14.5-kb portion containing a group of five ttr genes involved in tetrathionate reduction and seven ORFs of unknown function.
The larger 25.3-kb portion harbours genes important for virulence function. Four types of genes: ssa (for type III secretion system apparatus), ssr (for secretion system regulators), ssc (for secretion system chaperones, and sse (for secretion system effectors).
Reference: Coombes BK, et al., 2003. SseA is required for translocation of Salmonella pathogenicity island-2 effectors into host cells. Microbes Infect. 5(7):561-570.
Gallois A, et al., 2001. Salmonella pathogenicity island 2-encoded type III secretion system mediates exclusion of NADPH oxidase assembly from the phagosomal membrane. J. Immunol. 166(9):5741-5748.
Hensel M, 2000. Salmonella pathogenicity island 2. Mol. Microbiol. 36(5):1015-1023.
Hensel M, et al., 1998. Genes encoding putative effector proteins of the type III secretion system of Salmonella pathogenicity island 2 are required for bacterial virulence and proliferation in macrophages. Mol. Microbiol. 30(1):163-174.
Hensel M, et al., 1999. Molecular and functional analysis indicates a mosaic structure of Salmonella pathogenicity island 2. Mol. Microbiol. 31(2):489-498.
Kuhle V, Hensel M, 2002. SseF and SseG are translocated effectors of the type III secretion system of Salmonella pathogenicity island 2 that modulate aggregation of endosomal compartments. Cell. Microbiol. 4(12):813-824.
Lee AK, et al., 2000. OmpR regulates the two-component system SsrA-ssrB in Salmonella pathogenicity island 2. J. Bacteriol. 182(3):771-781.
Nikolaus T, et al., 2001. SseBCD proteins are secreted by the type III secretion system of Salmonella pathogenicity island 2 and function as a translocon. J. Bacteriol. 183(20):6036-6045.
Paesold G, et al., 2002. Genes in the Salmonella pathogenicity island 2 and the Salmonella virulence plasmid are essential for Salmonella-induced apoptosis in intestinal epithelial cells. Cell. Microbiol. 4(11):771-781.
Ruiz-Albert J, et al., 2003. SseA is a chaperone for the SseB and SseD translocon components of the Salmonella pathogenicity-island-2-encoded type III secretion system. Microbiology. 149:1103-1111.
Waterman SR, Holden DW, 2003. Functions and effectors of the Salmonella pathogenicity island 2 type III secretion system. Cell. Microbiol. 5(8):501-511.
Yu XJ, et al., 2002. SpiC is required for secretion of Salmonella Pathogenicity Island 2 type III secretion system proteins. Cell. Microbiol. 4(8):531-540.
Zurawski DV, Stein MA, 2003. SseA acts as the chaperone for the SseB component of the Salmonella Pathogenicity Island 2 translocon. Mol. Microbiol. 47(5):1341-1351.
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