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| Curli fibers |
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Many commensal E. coli strains and the commonly studied lab strains express curli at temperatures of <30°C. In contrast, pathogenic E. coli strains like UPECs, EAECs including the 2012 German outbreak strain and S. Typhimurium, have been shown to express curli at 37°C. ... |
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| Type 3 fimbriae |
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Approximately 2~4 nm wide and 0.5~2 m in length in length. MrkA gene expression is affected by c-di-GMP. ... |
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Alginate
(Mucoid exopolysaccharide) |
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Alginate production is frequently referred to as mucoidy because colonies producing alginate have a wet glistening (mucoid) appearance, which is very different from that of colonies not producing alginate. Most of the alginate biosynthetic genes are clustered in the algD operon. Alginate production is highly regulated. Regulatory genes are located in two areas far removed from the biosynthetic genes, with one exception algC. ... |
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Agf
(Thin aggregative fimbriae (or curli)) |
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Homology to csg of E.coli. Nucleator-dependent assembly pathway. Aids in attachment to the villi of enterocytes, also cause the bacteria to become attached to each other. ... |
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| Intercellular adhesion proteins |
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icaA, icaB, icaC, icaD synthesize a polysaccharide, poly-n-succinyl-β-1,6 glucosamine (PNSG) during infection. ... |
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| AdeFGH efflux pump |
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Belongs to resistance-nodulation-cell division (RND)-type efflux system. RND efflux systems, composed of an inner membrane protein (RND pump) linked by a periplasmic adaptor protein (PAP) to an outer membrane factor (OMF), can extrude a wide range of substrates often unrelated in structure. To date, three Acinetobacter drug efflux (Ade) RND systems, AdeABC, AdeFGH, and AdeIJK, have been characterized in A. baumannii. ... |
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Bap
(Biofilm-associated protein) |
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A large cell surface protein comprised of multiple copies of repeat elements. Bap homologues have also been identified and characterized in other bacteria, including members of other genera typically associated with hospital-acquired infection, such as Staphylococcus, Enterococcus, and Pseudomonas. ... |
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| Csu fimbriae |
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Chaperone-usher pathway assembled fimbriae. CsuE, putative tip adhesin. Plays a role in the initial steps of biofilm formation by allowing bacterial cells to adhere to abiotic surfaces and initiate the formation of microcolonies that precede the full development of biofilm structures. ... |
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| PNAG |
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PNAG is produced by the Pga machinery consisting of PgaABCD proteins. Pga complex probably spans the inner and outer bacterial membrane. PgaC and PgaD form an inner membrane-intergrated complex. PgaC is the cataytic glycosyltransferase containing 4-5 predicted transmembrane helices (TMHs). PgaD probably contains two TMHs with a short periplasmic loop and small cytosolic C terminus. PgaA is an outer membrane porin and might associate with PgaB, a periplasmic lipoprotein that is probably anchored to the outer membrane. PgaB deacetylates a small fraction of the polymer's NAG units. ... |
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Quorom sensing
(Autoinducer-receptor mechanism) |
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AbaI protein belongs to LuxI autoinducer synthases family. The consensus pattern of the said family is [LMFYA]-R-x(3)- F-x(2)-W-x-[LIVM]-x(6,9)-E-x-D-x-[FY]-D. AbaR belongs to LuxR family, interacting with the AHL molecule and further controls the gene expression of AbaI. ... |
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