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| Capsule |
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A. baumannii pan-genome was shown to include a highly diverse repertoire of gene sequences. In particular, capsule gene cluster is highly variable. The cluster at the K locus often contains either capsule export genes (wza, wzb, and wzc) or genes for simple sugar synthesis (galU, ugd, gpi, gne1, and pgm), which flank a central variable region that would be required for the synthesis of a specific monosaccharide. ... |
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| LPS |
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LpxM dependent acylation of lipid A is essential for A. baumannii desiccation survival, a key resistance mechanism for survival in hospital environments. ... |
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P44/Msp2 family
(44 kDa major outer membrane protein/major surface protein 2) |
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P44/Msp2 family protein share a common structure consisting of a central hypervariable region (HVR) flanked by conserved N- and C-terminal regions. ... |
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| LPS |
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The endotoxic activity of purified LPS from B. henselae was shown to be 1,000-10,000-fold lower than that of enterobacterial LPS. Some of the structural features of B. henselae LPS are shared by the low-endotoxic LPS of other intracellular bacteria that cause chronic infections - penta-acylation of lipid A of Chlamydia trachomatis and the presence of a long-chain fatty acid in the lipid A of Legionella pneumophila. ... |
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| LPS |
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B. pertussis LPS lacks a repetitive O-antigen due to the deletion of the wbm cluster. Two types, band A and B. The band A trisaccharide from B. pertussis 1414 is composed of N-acetyl-D-glucosamine (D-GlcNAc), 2,3-diacetamido-2,3-dideoxy-D-mannuronic acid (D-ManNAc3NAcA), and 2-acetamido-4-methylaminofucose (FucNAc4NMe). The B. pertussis bpl locus is required for the biosynthesis of trisaccharide to generate band A LPS. ... |
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LPS
(Lipopolysaccharide) |
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Brucella possesses a non-classical LPS as compared with the so-called classical LPS from enterobacteria such as Escherichia coli. B. abortus lipid A possesses a diaminoglucose backbone (rather than glucosamine), and acyl groups are longer (C28 rather than C12 and C16) and are only linked to the core by amide bounds (rather than ester and amide bonds). In contrast to enterobacterial LPSs, Brucella LPS is several-hundred-times less active and toxic than E. coli LPS. This is an evolutionary adaptation to an intracellular lifestyle, low endotoxic activity is shared by other intracellular pathogens such as Bartonella and Legionella. ... |
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Capsule I
(Type I O-polysaccharide) |
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A key virulence determinant and that loss of capsule production results in severe attenuation in animal models of disease. ... |
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| Capsule |
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Major antigenic component of the classic Penner serotyping system. Variation in the capsule structure may cause by multiple mechanisms, such as exchange of capsular genes and entire clusters by horizontal transfer, gene duplication, deletion, fusion and the presence of homopolymeric G tracts in several cps genes. ... |
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LOS
(Lipooligosaccharide) |
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LOS diversity is important for the ability to colonize a wide variety of hosts and intestinal niches. The ability to generate variation at high frequency, the molecular mimicry evident in LOS structure support a role in the avoidance of host defences. The similarity of LOS structures to host gangliosides and the subsequent ability to generate crossreacting antibodies forms the pathological basis for the association of preceding C. jejuni infection with Guillain-Barre syndrome. ... |
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| Capsule |
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The biosynthesis of capsular polysaccharides by E. faecalis is encoded by the csp operon, which includes 11 open reading frames (cpsA to cpsK). However, only 7 open reading frames in the cps operon are essential for capsule production (cpsC, cpsD, cpsE, cpsG, cpsI, cpsJ, and cpsK). Previous genetic evidence demonstrated that E. faecalis isolates can be classified in 1 of 3 capsule operon polymorphisms. CPS 1 presents only cpsA and cpsB. CPS 2 presents all 11 genes in the cps operon. CPS 5 presents all genes except for cpsF. Furthermore, CPS 2 and 5 express the capsular polysaccharide, whereas CPS 1 does not. ... |
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