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Known and putative virulence factors (or regulation genes) in Shigella genomes Index Virulence genes in chromosome Virulence genes in the virulence plasmid Gene products influencing expression of the plasmid-linked virulence genes Chromosome Product Gene Location Function Sd197 Sf301 Sb227 Ss046 Toxins Shiga toxin stxAB stx-phage P27 N-glycosidase, block protein synthesis SDY1398, SDY1390 - - - ShET1 set1A, set1B SHI-1 Ion secretion - SF2973a, SF2973b - - ShET2 senB Ion secretion - - - SSO2665 Protease Serine protease pic SHI-1 Mucinase - SF2973 - SSO3595* Serine protease sigA SHI-1 Ion secretion - SF2968 SBO0233, SBO4150 SSO3223 Others Aerobactin iutA, iucABCD SHI-2/ SHI-3 Iron acquisition - SF3719, SF3715 ~3718 SBO4314, SBO4337 ~4340 SSO3605, SSO3601 ~3604 Siderophore receptor iroN, iroBCDE Iron acquisition SDY1022, SDY1023 ~1026 - - - ABC transporter sitABCD Iron acquisition SDY1454 ~1457 SF1362 ~1365 SBO1691 ~1694 SSO1750 ~1753 Hemin receptor shuA, shuS, shuTWXYUV Iron acquisition SDY3547 ~3555 - - - ABC transporter Iron acquisition SDY1240 ~1242 SF1192 ~1194 - - Invasion plasmid antigen ipaH ipaH island Unkown SDY0834, SDY1062, SDY2001, SDY2003, SDY2753 SF0722, SF1383, SF1880, SF2022*, SF2610 SBO0653, SBO0953, SBO1026, SBO1256, SBO1619, SBO2084 SSO0751, SSO1272, SSO1317, SSO2179, SSO2646 Putative adhesin yadA-like OI#144-like island Unkown - SF3641 SBO3605 SSO3803 Putative chaperone clp-like OI#7-like island Unkown - - - SSO0242 Inner memberane protein IcmF-like OI#7-like island Unkown - - - SSO0236 Exoprotein RTX-like OI#28-like island Unkown SDY0420 ~0424 - - - Transport system OI#28-like island Unkown SDY0416, SDY0417 - - - T2SS gspC-M Unkown SDY3092 ~3102 - SBO3011*, SBO3012*, SBO3013 ~3021 - Virulence Plasmid Product Gene Function pSD1_197 pCP301 pSB4_227 pSS_046 TTSS mxi-spa region Invasion and internalizaiton SDYP174~193 CP0136~156 - SSOP098~117 TTSS secreted protein ipaA Actin depolymerization SDYP163 CP0125 - SSOP087 ipaB Inducing apoptosis SDYP166 CP0128 - SSOP090 ipaC Actin polymerization, activation of Cdc42 and Rac SDYP165 CP0127 - SSOP089 ipaD Forming a complex with IpaB, cotrol the flux of proteins through the type III secretion SDYP164 CP0126 - SSOP088 ipgD Inositol 4-phosphatase, membrane blebbing SDYP171 CP0133 - SSOP095 icsB Camouflaging IcsA from autophagic host defense system SDYP170 CP0132 - SSOP094 virA Microtubule destabilization, membrane ruffling SDYP211 CP0181 - SSOP142 ospF/ mkaD Unknown SDYP013 CP0010 SBOP017 SSOP009 ipaH7.8 Facilitating the escape of the bacteria from phagocytic vacuole of macrophages SDYP038 CP0078 SBOP067 SSOP058 ipaH9.8 Transported to the nucleus, function unknown SDYP099 CP0226 SBOP113 SSOP167 ipaH4.5 Unkown SDYP037 CP0079 SBOP066 SSOP059 ipgB Unkown SDYP168 CP0130 - SSOP092 ospG Unkown SDYP101 CP0227 - SSOP170 Toxins ShET2 senA Ion secretion SDYP056 CP0093 SBOP076 SSOP050 senB Homologs of ShET2 SDYP010 CP0009 SBOP016 SSOP008 Enzymes icsP/ sopA Cleavaging of IcsA SDYP224 CP0271 SBOP149 SSOP241 sepA Tissue invasion - CP0070 - - msbB Fatty acyl modification of O-antigen SDYP110 CP0238 SBOP119 SSOP182 apy ATP-diphosphohydrolase SDYP004 CP0004 SBOP006 SSOP004 phoN-Sf Non-specific acid phoshatase SDYP067 CP0190 - - rfbU O-antigen biosynthesis SDYP108 CP0236 - SSOP180 ushA UDP-sugar hydrolase (5'-nucleotidase) SDYP064 CP0185 - SSOP147 Regulators virF Activating transcription of virB and icsA - CP0046 SBOP052 SSOP041 virK Posttranscriptional reguation of icsA expression SDYP109 CP0237 SBOP118 SSOP181 virB Activating ipa, spa, and mxi operons SDYP161 CP0123 - SSOP085 Others icsA/ virG Nucleation of actin filaments SDYP214 CP0182 - SSOP143 Regulation Product Gene Description Sd197 Sf301 Sb227 Ss046 Chromosome CpxA/CpxR cpxA Two component system SDY3835 SF3990 SBO3929 SSO4081 cpxR SDY3834 SF3991 SBO3930 SSO4082 DNA gyrase gyrA DNA topoisomerase SDY2423 SF2311 SBO2065 SSO2289 gyrB SDY4181 SF3765 SBO3678 SSO3649 EnvZ/OmpR envZ Two component system SDY3672 SF3423 SBO3391 SSO3535 ompR SDY3671 SF3424 SBO3392 SSO3536 H-NS hns Nucleoid-associated protein; repressor of virB transcription SDY1289 SF1237 SBO1832 SSO1942 IHF ihfA DNA bending prtein; regulates SDY1807 SF1519 SBO1381 SSO1446 ihfB virF and virB transcription SDY2346 SF0908 SBO2200 SSO0914 IspA yciB Possible role in cell division SDY1318 SF1257 SBO1811 SSO1912 Mia miaA tRNA N6-isopentyladenosine synthetase SDY4418 SF4326 SBO4285 SSO4356 Rho rho Influences transcription of the virB gene SDY3966 SF3856 SBO3793 SSO3954 StpA stpA Analogue of H-NS SDY2859 SF2697 SBO2850 SSO2813 Topoisomerase I topA DNA topoisomerase SDY1344 SF1276 SBO1792 SSO1869 Topoisomerase IV parC DNA topoisomerase SDY3218 SF3063 SBO2881 SSO3161 parE SDY3210 SF3070 SBO2888 SSO3168 TyrT tyrT Tyrosyl tRNA SDY1283 SF4466 SBO1838 SSO1948 VacB vacB Post-transcriptional regulator of ipa and icsA genes SDY4410 SF4334 SBO4277 SSO4364 VacC tgt tRNA-guanine transglycosylase; post-transcriptional regulator of virF genes SDY0328 SF0343 SBO0300 SSO0383 VacJ vacJ 28 kDa lipoprotein required for intercellular spreading SDY2550 SF2424 SBO2388 SSO2403 Virulence plasmid VirB virB VirF-dependent regulator; activates main virulence genes SDYP161 CP0123 - SSOP085 VirF virF AraC-like transcription regulator; activates transcription of virB and icsA - CP0046 SBOP052 SSOP041 VirK virK Required for post-transcriptional control of the icsA gene SDYP109 CP0237 SBOP118 SSOP181 MxiE mxiE AraC-like protein SDYP182 CP0144 - SSOP106

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